Major Publications On Carbon-related Research

1. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, K. Sugihara, I. L. Spain, and H. A. Goldberg, Graphite Fibers and Filaments (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988), Vol. 5 of Springer Series in Materials Science. This book was written firstly as a request from the applications community who wanted a book that they could use for basic knowledge of carbon fibers. The main reason for the book was to help graduate students in the Dresselhaus research group and other workers in the field understand the literature on carbon fibers. I have been requested for some time to write an updated version of this book with Professor Morinobu Endo, that will explain carbon fibers in the context of carbon nanotubes. We hope to write such a book in the future.
   
   
2. M. S. Dresselhaus and R. Kalish Ion Implantation in Diamond, Graphite and Related Materials (Springer-Verlag; Springer Series in Materials Science, Berlin, 1992). Volume 22. This book summarizes research in the Dresselhaus group on ion implantation in graphite, and in the Kalish group on ion implantation in diamond relating this work to that of others in the field.
   
   
3. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and P. C. Eklund, Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes (Academic Press, New York, NY, San Diego, CA, 1996). This book was requested by researchers working in the fullerene field to help the field progress. This book contains summaries of work in the Dresselhaus group on this topic as well as that of many others in the field. The long chapter on carbon nanotubes was written as the carbon nanotube field was emerging.
   
   
4. R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (Imperial College Press, London, 1998). This book was written mostly by my collaborator Riichiro Saito and summarizes much joint work. The Saito-Dresselhaus collaboration on carbon nanotube research started in 1991 and that fruitful collaboration continues into the present.
   
   
5. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and Ph. Avouris, Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001), Vol. 80 of Springer Series in Topics in Appl. Phys. We were asked by Springer to write this book to summarize the status of the carbon nanotube field with chapters written by experts in the field.

Journal Articles

1. M. S. Dresselhaus and J. G. Mavroides, The Fermi surface of Graphite, IBM Journal of Research and Development 8, 262 (1964). This paper is the first important paper on the use of the magneto-reflection technique to describe the energy band structure of graphite within 0.2eV of the Fermi level. The paper was important both for illuminating the electronic structure of graphite and for showing how the magneto-reflection technique could be used to give information about the electronic structure of a crystalline material over large regions of the Brillouin.
   
   
2. G. Dresselhaus and M. S. Dresselhaus, Spin-orbit coupling in Graphite, Phys. Rev. 140, A401 (1965). In this paper Gene and Millie Dresselhaus showed how the Slater-Koster method could be extended to include spin-orbit interaction in graphite. This work led to applications of this method in the use of experimental information to imply the electronic structure and phonon dispersion relations of graphite over the whole Brillouin zone, and later these techniques were applied to the group V semimetals, and to silicon and germanium.
   
   
3. P. R. Schroeder, M. S. Dresselhaus, and A. Javan, Location of Electron and Hole Carriers in Graphite from Laser Magneto-reflection Data, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 1292 (1968). This short paper is the first use of lasers in magneto-reflection experiments and the findings turned the electronic energy bands of graphite upside down, interchanging electrons and holes. The electronic structure implied by this paper is what is used today for graphite and sp² carbons.
   
   
4. M. S. Dresselhaus and G. Dresselhaus, Intercalation Compounds of Graphite, Advances in Phys. 30, 139-326 (1981). This invited review article not only summarizes the research contributions of the Dresselhaus group to graphite intercalation compounds, but became the standard reference of the field of intercalation physics and is still used today. Although written at an early time in intercalation physics research, it had a significant influence on future developments in the field. The Dresselhaus group continued working very actively on graphite intercalation compounds for another 10 years after the publication of this review article.
   
   
5. M. S. Dresselhaus and G. Dresselhaus, Light Scattering in Graphite Intercalation Compounds, Light Scattering in Solids III 51, 3 (1982). edited by M. Cardona and G. Güntherodt, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Topics in Applied Physics. This early review of light scattering in graphite intercalation compounds was written to guide researchers on the use of Raman scattering to characterize carbon-based materials.
   
   
6. S. L. di Vittorio, M. S. Dresselhaus, and G. Dresselhaus, "Localization phenomena and carrier-carrier interaction in fluorine graphite intercalation compounds", in New Horizons in Low Dimensional Electron Systems - A Festschrift in honour of Professor H. Kamimura, page 3, edited by H. Aoki, M. Tsukada, M. Schlüter, and F. Lévy (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991). This paper is a brief review which summarizes work in the Dresselhaus group on 2D weak localization effects in disordered graphites. Stan di Vittorio was a graduate student in the Dresselhaus group at MIT who subsequently spent one year at NEC in Japan.
   
   
7. M. S. Dresselhaus and J. Steinbeck, Liquid Carbon, Tanso 132, 44-56 (1988). Journal of the Japanese Carbon Society. This invited paper summarizes work in the Dresselhaus group on liquid carbon. The liquid carbon was generated by pulsed laser melting of graphite to form a liquid carbon pool surrounded by crystalline graphite and describes the properties of liquid carbon. Most of this work was performed in the 1983-84 time frame, and it was significant in showing that large carbon clusters are released by laser vaporization from a graphite surface. The discovery of fullerenes by Kroto, Smalley and Curl of C₆₀ in 1985 provided an explanation for these observations.
   
   
8. M. S. Dresselhaus. Recent advances in electronic materials, In Proceedings of the 38th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference, edited by Thomas V. Hynes, page 45, September, 1991. Sponsored by the Materials Technology Laboratory, Watertown, MA. This could be the first published description anywhere of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The first presentation on carbon nanotubes we believe occurred in August 1991 at a Workshop on Fullerenes at the University of Pennsylvania. There were no proceedings from that workshop. The first paper on carbon nanotubes we believe was in September 1991 and is published in the proceedings for this conference on electronic materials. The actual presentation included a discussion of recent results in the Dresselhaus group on fullerenes and some thoughts on single wall-carbon nanotubes. Figure 5 in that paper shows a (5,5) carbon nanotube, but it is called a bucky fiber, since the name carbon nanotube had not yet been adopted and the bucky fiber was understood as a tubular manifestation of a bucky ball.
   
   
9. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and P. C. Eklund, Fullerenes, J. Mater. Res. 8, 2054-2097 (1993). This paper is an invited review article on Fullerenes which covers some of the contributions of the Dresselhaus group to the fullerene field.
   
   
10. R. A. Jishi, L. Venkataraman, M. S. Dresselhaus, and G. Dresselhaus, Phonon Modes in Carbon Nanotubules, Chem. Phys. Lett. 209, 77-82 (1993). This paper was written while Radi Jishi, a former graduate student in the Dresselhaus group, visited the group for an extended period. Latha Venkataraman was an undergraduate at MIT who had taken the Dresselhaus group theory course and did her undergraduate B.S. thesis following up on this course.
    
    
11. A. M. Rao, E. Richter, S. Bandow, B. Chase, P. C. Eklund, K. W. Williams, M. Menon, K. R. Subbaswamy, A. Thess, R. E. Smalley, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Science 275, 187-191 (1997). This paper was inspired by: (1) earlier work in the Dresselhaus group on the predicted phonon dispersion relations of single wall carbon nanotubes, and (2) the observation of an unusual Raman spectra on soot samples containing only about 1% single wall carbon nanotubes. This paper, done in collaboration with Peter Eklund's group, shows the Raman spectra for single wall carbon nanotubes and establishes the diameter selective resonance Raman process for single wall carbon nanotubes.
    
    
12. M. A. Pimenta, A. Marucci, S. Empedocles, M. Bawendi, E. B. Hanlon, A. M. Rao, P. C. Eklund, R. E. Smalley, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, Raman modes of metallic carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B Rapid 58, R16016-R16019 (1998). This paper shows how the Raman effect can be used to distinguish between metallic and semiconducting tubes by controlling the laser excitation energy and by using theoretical concepts. The work was done while Marcos Pimenta was on sabbatical from Brazil, visiting the Dresselhaus group.
    
    
13. M. S. Dresselhaus and P. C. Eklund, Phonons in Carbon Nanotubes, Advances in Physics 49, 705-814 (2000). This invited review article summarizes in some depth the status of Raman spectroscopy and phonon dispersion relations prior to the work on single nanotube spectroscopy.
    
    
14. A. Jorio, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, M. Souza, M. S. S. Dantas, M. A. Pimenta, A. M. Rao, R. Saito, C. Liu, and H. M. Cheng, Polarized Raman Study of Single Wall Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2617-2620 (2000). This paper shows, using polarized light, how to analyze the Raman spectra of single wall carbon nanotubes which theory shows to contain 6 symmetry-allowed components in the G-band (graphite-derived). Using different polarization geometries, the contributions from each of the 6 symmetry-allowed components are obtained, thereby providing the framework for the unambiguous analysis of Raman spectra on single wall carbon nanotubes.
    
    
15. A. Jorio, R. Saito, J. H. Hafner, C. M. Lieber, M. Hunter, T. McClure, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, Structural (n,m) determination of isolated single wall carbon nanotubes by resonant Raman scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1118-1121 (2001). This paper, inspired by a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy on single wall carbon nanotubes in collaboration with Katrin Kneipp and showing huge enhancements in intensity, is the first observation of the Raman spectra from one nanotube, made possible by the strong van Hove singularities in the density of electronic states. This paper also showed how Raman spectroscopy at the single nanotube level can be used to get the geometrical structure of the nanotube. Ado Jorio was a postdoctoral visitor from Brazil and this work benefitted greatly from a three week visit by Riichiro Saito while these experiments were in progress, and the sample for this experiment was specially prepared by Charlie Lieber and Jason Hafner at Harvard University.
    
    
16. A. Jorio, A. G. Souza Filho, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, R. Saito, J. H. Hafner, C. M. Lieber, F. M. Matinaga, M. S. S. Dantas, and M. A. Pimenta, Joint density of electronic states for one isolated single wall carbon nanotube studied by resonant Raman scattering, Phys. Rev. B 63, 245416 (2001). This paper shows how the profile of the joint density of electronic states of a one-dimensional system can be obtained by Raman spectroscopy using a tunable laser. This work was done in the laboratory of Marcos Pimenta in Brazil who had a suitable tunable laser system to do this experiment. The less than 1 meV width of the van Hove singularity explains why it is possible to see Raman spectra from just one carbon nanotube.
    
    
17. A. G. Souza Filho, A. Jorio, J. H. Hafner, C. M. Lieber, R. Saito, M. A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, Electronic transition energy E_ii for an isolated (n,m) single-wall carbon nanotube obtained by anti-Stokes/Stokes resonant Raman intensity ratio, Phys. Rev. B 63, 241404R (2001). This paper shows how the intensity ratio of the Stokes to anti-Stokes features for the radial breathing mode in the Raman (phonon) spectrum can accurately determine the energy of the van Hove singularly in the (electronic) density of states. The experiment was done by Antonio G. Souza Filho, a graduate student from Brazil who visited the Dresselhaus group at MIT for 9 months during his Ph.D. thesis research.
    
    
18. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, A. Jorio, A. G. Souza Filho, and R. Saito, Raman Spectroscopy of Isolated Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon (2002). Submitted 10/13/01: LRR-66/01. A review of the present status of the Raman spectra for isolated individual Carbon nanotubes is presented, emphasizing new physical principles, and the relation between spectra on single wall nanotube bundles and individual nanotubes for the radial breathing mode, G-band, D-band and G'-band.